There are obvious differences between organic fertilizer equipment and compound fertilizer equipment in terms of raw materials, classification, production equipment, and processes.
Raw materials of fertilizer equipment:
Raw materials of compound fertilizer:
The raw materials of compound fertilizer are urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate (monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, heavy calcium, general calcium), potassium chloride (potassium sulfate), etc.
1. Nitrogen source: Nitrogen is usually provided in the form of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonia water, etc. Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer with a high nitrogen content and is easily absorbed and utilized by plants. Ammonium nitrate is also a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer. But it has a certain degree of explosiveness and needs to be used and stored safely. Ammonia water is a liquid nitrogen fertilizer with a low nitrogen content but is easy to apply.
2. Phosphorus source: Monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, etc. can be used as a source of phosphorus. Monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate are commonly used phosphate fertilizers with high phosphorus content and are easily absorbed and utilized by plants. Superphosphate is a traditional phosphate fertilizer with a low phosphorus content but a relatively cheap price.
Raw materials of compound fertilizer:
3. Potassium source: Potassium is usually provided by potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, etc. Potassium chloride is a commonly used potassium fertilizer with a high potassium content and relatively cheap price. Potassium sulfate is also a commonly used potassium fertilizer, but its price is relatively high. Potassium nitrate is a fertilizer that contains both nitrogen and potassium. But it has a certain degree of explosiveness and needs to be used and stored safely.
4. Trace elements: including trace elements such as boron, zinc, copper, and iron. Which can be supplemented by adding trace element fertilizers. Although trace elements are required in small quantities during plant growth. They play an important role in the normal growth and development of plants.
5. Carrier: Commonly used carriers include gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfate, calcium bentonite, etc. Which are used to fix and stabilize the nutrients in fertilizers and adjust soil pH. These carriers can improve the physical properties of fertilizers and improve the stability and effectiveness of fertilizers.
Organic fertilizer:
It is processed from poultry and livestock manure or plant residues and waste.
1. Straw or roots, stems, leaves, fruits of other plants, mainly corn straw, wheat straw, branches, leaves, etc. These plant raw materials are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and other substances. Which can provide carbon sources during the fermentation process and promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
2. Livestock manure, such as pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, etc. Livestock manure is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and is an important source of raw materials for organic fertilizer. However, livestock manure usually contains a large number of harmful substances such as pathogens, insect eggs, and heavy metals, which need to be decomposed and harmlessly treated before use.
Organic fertilizer:
3. Some agricultural product scraps, such as soybean meal, mushroom residue, and medicinal residue. These scraps contain certain organic matter and nutrients, which can be used as supplementary raw materials for organic fertilizer.
4. Garbage, such as kitchen waste, restaurant waste, etc. Kitchen waste contains certain organic matter, which can be used as raw materials for organic fertilizer after treatment. However, it should be noted that kitchen waste may contain some harmful substances, such as heavy metals, grease, etc. Which need to be strictly treated and screened.
5. Others, such as biogas residue, peat, plant ash, silt, urban sludge, etc. Biogas residue is the residue after biogas fermentation. Which is rich in organic matter and nutrients and can be used as a raw material for organic fertilizer. Peat is an organic deposit rich in water, containing certain humus and nutrients, and can be mixed with other raw materials. Plant ash is the ash after plant burning. Which is rich in potassium and can be used as a source of potassium fertilizer. Silt and urban sludge contain certain organic matter and nutrients. But they need to be strictly processed and screened to remove harmful substances.
Classification:
Compound fertilizers include compound fertilizers for rice, compound fertilizers for corn, compound fertilizers for bamboo, compound fertilizers for tea, compound fertilizers for tobacco, pollution-free vegetable compound fertilizers, etc.;
Organic fertilizers include chicken manure organic fertilizers, pig manure organic fertilizers, cow manure organic fertilizers, sheep manure organic fertilizers or mixed organic fertilizers, etc.
Production equipment:
The production equipment used in the production of compound fertilizers is similar to that of organic fertilizer equipment. Including batching machines, mixers, crushers, sifters, granulators, coating machines, etc. However, there are still differences between the two in some aspects. Such as the slightly complicated processing flow of organic fertilizer equipment. Organic fertilizer equipment is mainly divided into two parts, fermentation and granulation.
The main influencing factors of the fermentation part are microorganisms, carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture, pH value, aeration control, etc., because each factor will affect the fermentation effect if it is not well controlled, and the organic raw materials are relatively light, rough, and have a low bonding rate. Compound fertilizers are mainly made by chemical methods.
Inorganic fertilizers are made based on chemical reactions and generally contain only one to three specific elements. They play a great role in improving crops in a short period of time, but in the long run, they will cause certain harm to soil elements and the plant growth environment. The raw materials used in organic fertilizers are agricultural waste, which plays a certain role in the sustainable development of the environment.
The production process of organic fertilizer equipment has the following characteristics:
1. Diverse fermentation equipment: Fermentation equipment is divided into crawler-type composting machines, trough-type composting machines, and wheel-type composting machines. The organic fertilizer composting machine is the core equipment of aerobic dynamic composting, and its importance stems from its role in composting production. Through the function of the composting machine, sufficient oxygen is provided for the fermentation of raw materials, and the temperature is controlled to make the raw materials ferment more evenly and fully.
2. Fine processing of raw materials: The fermented raw materials are crushed, sieved, and other processes to make the raw materials more delicate and convenient for subsequent processing. The organic fertilizer crusher equipment allows the moisture value of biological fermentation organic fertilizer materials to reach 25-45%, and the crushing particle size reaches 50 mesh granulation requirements.
3. Even mixing: Through equipment such as a double-screw premixer, various raw materials are fully mixed to ensure uniform nutrients in organic fertilizer. The double-screw pre-mixer has a compact structure, beautiful appearance, low noise, and no dust. It is a fast and energy-saving mixing equipment. At the same time, it plays a mixing role in the production of fertilizers and various compound fertilizers when adding fertilizers and trace elements.
organic fertilizer equipment
4. Various granulation methods: The two-in-one drum stirring tooth granulator uses the mechanical stirring force of high-speed rotation and the resulting air power to continuously mix, granulate, spheroid, and densify fine powder materials in the machine to achieve the purpose of granulation. In addition, there are a variety of granulation equipment such as disc granulators and drum granulators (steam granulation has the best effect, low moisture content, and easy granulation) to choose from to meet different production needs.
5. Efficient drying and cooling: The organic fertilizer dryer can directly dry organic fertilizer particles with a moisture content of up to 40% – 50% to 13% of safe storage moisture at one time. The whole process is carried out in a closed system, thereby reducing the pollution to the environment during the drying process. The cooler can quickly reduce the temperature of the dried granular material to prevent agglomeration, which is convenient for bagging, storage, and transportation.
6. Strict screening: The drum screening machine occupies a small space, has low maintenance costs, has a simple structure, and is easy to repair. Through screening, unqualified particles are screened out and reprocessed to ensure the quality of the finished particles.
7. High degree of automation: The automatic packaging machine can realize quantitative weighing and packaging of granular materials, and has functions such as automatic clamping, sewing, automatic tare, and detection. The equipment in the entire production process cooperates, achieving a high degree of automation and improving production efficiency.
The production process of compound fertilizer equipment has the following characteristics:
1. Accurate raw material ratio: According to market demand and soil test results in various places, urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate (mono ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, heavy calcium, general calcium), potassium chloride (potassium sulfate) and other raw materials are matched in a certain proportion. Through the precise batching of the dynamic batching machine, it is ensured that the nutrient content in the compound fertilizer meets the requirements, and different formulas meet the growth needs of different crops.
2. Even mixing: Stir the prepared raw materials evenly to improve the overall uniform fertilizer efficiency content of the fertilizer particles. A double-shaft mixer is used to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed. Laying a good foundation for the subsequent granulation process.
3. Diverse granulation processes: There are many options for the granulation process of compound fertilizers. Such as drum granulators, extrusion granulators, disc granulators, etc. Different granulation processes are suitable for different raw materials and production requirements and can be selected according to actual conditions. For example, the drum granulator is suitable for large-scale production and smooth granulation. The extrusion granulator is suitable for occasions with high requirements for particle shape and strength. The disadvantage is that many formulas are not applicable, so the drum granulator is the first choice. (The drum granulator is lined with stainless steel, and the speed is controlled by frequency conversion. The retention time of the material can be adjusted, which is suitable for the needs of different formulations)
4. Good drying effect: the granules made by the granulator are sent to the dryer to dry the moisture contained in the granules, increase the strength of the granules, and facilitate storage. The dryer usually adopts a rotary dryer, which can quickly and effectively remove the moisture in the granules and improve the quality and stability of the fertilizer. (The dryer is equipped with a hammer with a heat preservation belt, frequency conversion control, and frequency conversion control of the induced draft fan. The air inlet temperature does not exceed 190 degrees.)
compound fertilizer equipment
5. Cooling to prevent agglomeration: The temperature of the fertilizer granules after drying is too high and it is easy to agglomerate. The granules are cooled by the cooler to reduce the temperature of the granules, prevent agglomeration. And facilitate bagging, sto, rage, and transportation. The use of the cooler ensures the quality of the compound fertilizer during storage and transportation. (Frequency control of the induced draft fan)
6. Strict screening and grading: the cooled granules are graded, and the unqualified granules are crushed and re-granulated to screen out the qualified products. Use equipment such as drum screening machines to strictly screen the particles to ensure that the size of the finished particles is uniform and meets the quality requirements.
7. Coating to increase aesthetics: Qualified products are coated and coated to increase the brightness and roundness of the particles, making the appearance more beautiful. The use of coating machines not only improves the appearance quality of compound fertilizers. But also plays a certain protective role and prolongs the shelf life of fertilizers.
8. Fully automated packaging: The finished particles are sent to the silo through a belt conveyor for temporary storage. And then connected to electronic quantitative packaging scales, sewing machines. And other automatic quantitative packaging and sealing bags, and placed in a ventilated place for storage to achieve full automation. The fully automated packaging process improves production efficiency, reduces manual operations, and ensures the stability of packaging quality.
9. Bag dust removal: Bag dust removal is divided into wet material (granulator, dryer) dust removal and dry material (dynamic batching, screening machine, cooler crusher dust outlet point) dust removal.