Selection of compost fermentation strains
1. Aerobic fermentation agent
Aerobic compost fermentation is superior to anaerobic fermentation in terms of fermentation intensity and thoroughness and is suitable for the fermentation of most organic fertilizers. Aerobic fermentation agents require sufficient oxygen during the fermentation process, can quickly decompose organic matter, have a fast fermentation speed, and have high product quality.
2. Composite fermentation agent
It is composed of multiple functional bacteria, has strong comprehensive functions, can work synergistically, and improves fermentation efficiency and the quality of organic fertilizers. For example, bacteria can decompose substances such as protein and starch, actinomycetes can decompose cellulose, lignin, and other difficult-to-degrade substances, and yeast can produce a variety of beneficial metabolites.
3. Choose a fermentation agent with fast fermentation and few miscellaneous bacteria
Fast fermentation speed can shorten the fermentation cycle and reduce costs; fewer miscellaneous bacteria can ensure the quality of organic fertilizer and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
4. Choose according to raw materials
Different raw materials may require different fermentation strains. For example, for raw materials with high cellulose content (such as straw), you can choose a fermentation agent containing cellulose-decomposing bacteria; for raw materials with high protein content (such as livestock and poultry manure), you can choose a fermentation agent containing protease.
Common types of compost fermentation bacteria and their suitable raw materials
1. Yeast
Suitable raw materials: various organic wastes, such as crop straws, fruit peels, vegetable residues, wine lees, etc. These raw materials contain certain sugars and carbohydrates, which provide carbon sources for the growth of yeast. Yeast can use these substances for metabolic activities during the fermentation process and convert them into organic fertilizers. In addition, yeast can also be used to treat livestock and poultry manure, especially chicken manure and other manure raw materials with relatively high water content and rich nutrients, which can accelerate the decomposition and deodorization process of manure.
2. Lactic acid bacteria
Suitable raw materials: Lactic acid bacteria are suitable for fermenting raw materials with high water content and rich carbohydrates. Such as corn stalks and forage grass commonly used for silage. During the silage process, lactic acid bacteria use nutrients such as sugars in the raw materials to ferment and produce lactic acid, which reduces the pH value of the silage and inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms, thereby maintaining the quality of the silage. In addition, for some fruit and vegetable wastes containing a certain amount of sugar. Such as rotten fruits and vegetable processing scraps, lactic acid bacteria can also be fermented to produce organic fertilizers.
3. Bacillus subtilis
Suitable raw materials: Widely applicable to a variety of organic raw materials, including livestock and poultry manure (such as cow dung, pig manure, sheep dung, etc.), crop straw, cake (such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal, etc.). Bacillus subtilis has a strong decomposition ability and can decompose proteins, cellulose, hemicellulose, and other substances in organic raw materials and convert them into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by plants. For some hard to decompose straw, Bacillus subtilis can play a good degradation role and accelerate the fermentation process.
Knowledge of organic fertilizer fermentation
4. Photosynthetic bacteria
Suitable raw materials: Suitable for raw materials containing a certain amount of water and organic matter. Such as domestic sewage, biogas slurry, organic wastewater, etc. These raw materials are rich in organic matter and nutrients, which provide conditions for the growth of photosynthetic bacteria. Photosynthetic bacteria can use light energy to convert these organic substances into organic fertilizers. While also increasing the oxygen content in the raw materials and improving the fermentation environment. In addition, photosynthetic bacteria can also be used together with other fermentation bacteria to treat raw materials. Such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw to improve fermentation efficiency and fertilizer quality.
5. Actinomycetes
Suitable raw materials: Actinomycetes have a good fermentation effect on raw materials containing difficult-to-degrade substances such as lignin and cellulose, such as wood processing waste and crop straw. Actinomycetes can secrete a variety of enzymes, such as cellulase and ligninase. To decompose these difficult-to-degrade substances and convert them into nutrients that are easily absorbed and utilized by plants. At the same time, actinomycetes also have the function of inhibiting soil diseases and can increase the biological control function of fertilizers during the fermentation of organic fertilizers.
6. Bacillus megaterium (phosphorus bacteria)
Suitable raw materials: It has advantages in processing raw materials containing organic phosphorus, such as livestock and poultry manure, bone meal, phosphate rock powder, etc. Bacillus megaterium can decompose organic phosphorus in raw materials into inorganic phosphorus. Improve the effectiveness of phosphorus, and thus produce organic fertilizers rich in phosphorus. For areas where the soil is phosphorus-deficient, organic fertilizers fermented with Bacillus megaterium can effectively supplement the phosphorus in the soil and promote the growth and development of crops.
fertilizer compost fermentation
7. Bacillus gelatinosa
Suitable raw materials: Suitable for fermentation with raw materials rich in potassium. Such as potassium feldspar powder, wood ash, crop straw, etc. Bacillus gelatinosa can decompose the potassium in the raw materials and convert it into soluble potassium salts. Thereby improving the utilization rate of potassium. Through the fermentation of Bacillus gelatinosa, organic fertilizers rich in potassium can be produced to meet the needs of crops for potassium.
8. Trichoderma
Suitable raw materials: Commonly used for fermenting lignocellulose raw materials such as crop straw, sawdust, and rice husks. Trichoderma can decompose the lignin and cellulose in these raw materials, making them looser and more porous. Which is beneficial to the subsequent fermentation process. At the same time, Trichoderma also has the function of preventing and controlling plant diseases. It can enhance the biological control function of fertilizers in the process of fermenting organic fertilizers and reduce the occurrence of crop diseases.
The above is the knowledge about fertilizer compost fermentation. If you want to know more, you can follow or contact us!